Submissions

Author Guidelines

Format:
Manuscripts should be submitted in two formats, as single A4 size Word and PDF files, inclusive of
abstract, endnotes and references. Introduction and conclusion sections are compulsory.

Font and spacing:
Please use Times New Roman 11pt. All submissions including essential data only should be typed in single spacing.

Language:
The journal is published in English. Please write your article in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). In order to avoid possible grammatical or spelling errors and to make your work readable and understandable for readers, we advise you to get your work proofread by professionals or native speakers before submitting it.

Cover Page / Title: Short and informative
On the first page of the paper, present the title of the paper along with the authors' names, institutional affiliations, and contact information. The corresponding author(s) (i.e., the one[s] who will be in contact with the reviewers) must be specified, usually with a footnote or an asterisk (*), and their full contact details (e.g., email address and phone number) must be provided.

For example:
Dr. Clara A. Bell1,* and Dr. Scott C. Smith2
¹University of Areopagitica, Department of Biology, Sometown, Somecountry
²Leviathan University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Sometown, Somecountry
*clara.bell@emailaddress.com

Abstract: 1 paragraph

• The abstract needs to be in English.
• State the research subject (i.e., what was done) and encapsulate the main findings and conclusions of the paper.
• Do not add citations in an abstract (the reader might not be able to access your reference list).
• Avoid using acronyms and abbreviations in the abstract, as the reader may not be familiar with them. Use full terms instead.
  Keywords: 3-7 words

Below the abstract, include a list of key terms to help
other researchers locate your study. Note that
"keywords" is one word (with no space) and is
followed by a colon:
Keywords: paper format, scientific writing.
Article Structure
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered
section. Subsections should be numbered 1.1. (then
1.1.1, 1.1.2, …), 1.2, etc. Any subsection may be given a
brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own
separate line.
Introduction
Introduction should be clear and concise. Include relevant background information on the topic, using in text citations as necessary. Report new developments in the field, and state how the research fills gaps in the existing research. Focus on the specific problem addressed, along with its possible solutions, and outline the limitations of your study. A research question hypothesis, and/or objectives can also be included at the end of this section.

Methods

• This is the part of the paper that explains how the research was done. Relate the research procedures in a clear, logical order (i.e., the order in which you conducted the research) so that other researchers can reproduce your results. Simply refer to the established methods you used but describe any procedures that are original to your study in more detail.
• Identify the specific instruments used in your research by including the manufacturer’s name and location in parentheses.
• Stay consistent with the order in which information is presented (e.g., quantity, temperature, stirring speed, refrigeration period).

Results

• Do not include too many details, particularly if you are using tables and figures. While writing this section, be consistent and use the smallest number of words necessary to convey your statistics.
•  Use headings to help the reader follow along, particularly if your data are repetitive (but check whether your style guide allows you to use them).

Discussion

• Present your general conclusions, including an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the research and the implications of your findings.  Resolve the hypothesis and/or research question you identified in the introduction.
• Use in-text citations to support your discussion.

Do not repeat the information presented in the results or the introduction unless it is necessary for a discussion of the overall implications of the research.
Conclusion
Keep this section short. Explain how your research fits within your field of study and identify areas for future research.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be
identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in
appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq.
(A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq.
(B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table
A.1’ Fig. A.1, etc.
Acknowledgements (optional)
Write a brief paragraph giving credit to any
institution responsible for funding the study (e.g.,
through a fellowship or grant) and any individual(s)
who contributed to the manuscript (e.g., technical
advisors or editors).
Reference Style
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square
brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can
be referred to, but the reference number(s) must
always be given.
Example: '...as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones
[8] obtained a different result ....'
List: Number the references (numbers in square
brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear
in the text.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The
art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun.
163 (2010) 51–59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Reference to a journal publication with an
article number:
[2] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, 2018.
The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon.19,
e00205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Reference to a book:
[3] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style,
fourth ed., Longman, New York, 2000.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
[4] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an
electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones,
R.Z.
Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age,
E-Publishing Inc., New York, 2009, pp. 281–304.
Reference to a website:
[5] Cancer Research UK, Cancer statistics reports for
the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/
aboutcancer/ statistics/cancerstatsreport/,
2003 (accessed 13 March 2003).
[dataset] [6] M. Oguro, S. Imahiro, S. Saito, T.
Nakashizuka, Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt
disease and surrounding forest compositions,
Mendeley Data, v1, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Tables and Figures (one per page)
 Capitalize the titles of specific tables and figures
when you refer to them in the text (e.g., "see Table
3"; "in Figure 4").
 In tables, stay consistent with the use of title case
(i.e., Capitalizing Each Word) and sentence case
(i.e., Capitalizing the first word).
 In figure captions, stay consistent with the use of
punctuation, italics, and capitalization. For example:
Figure 1. Classification of author roles.
versus
Figure 2: taxonomy of paper keywords
Terminology
 Stay consistent with the terms you use. Generally,
short forms can be used once the full term has been
introduced
 Use standard scientific terminology. Italics must be
used correctly for scientific terminology.
Equations
Whether in mathematical, scientific, or technical
papers, equations follow a conventional format. Here
are some tips for formatting calculations:
 Number each equation you present in the text,
inserting the number in parentheses.
X + Y =Z
(1)
 Capitalize the word "Equation" when you refer to
equations within the text.
In Equation 1, X represents . . .
(Note also that you should use italics for variables.)
 Remember to save your math equations as editable
text and not as images in case changes need to be
made before publication.
Measurements
 Use International System of Units (SI).
 Add spaces before units of measurement. For
example, 2.5 mL not 2.5mL.
 Be consistent with your units of measure
(especially date and time). For example, 3 hours or
3 h.
Supplementary material
Supplementary material, such as images (photographs)
and drawings, can be published with your article to
enhance it.
 Vector drawings (PDF): embed the font or save the
text as ‘graphics”.
 Color or greyscale photographs (JPG): always use
a minimum of 300 dpi.
 Bitmapped line drawings (JPG): use a minimum of
1000 dpi.
 Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or
grayscale) (JPG): a minimum of 500 dpi is
required.
Statistics
The following to be included for statistical testing: the
name of each statistical analysis, along with its n value;
an explanation of why the test was used and what is
being compared; and the specific alpha levels and P
values for each test.
Quotations
Quoted words, phrases and sentences should be
enclosed in double quotation marks. Quotations within
quotations and glosses should be enclosed in single
quotation marks.
Notes
 Notes should be kept to a minimum.
 Use endnotes, not footnotes.
 All notes should be numbered in sequence and in
Arabic numeral, typed in double spacing and
placed at the end of the main text.
 Notes should contain additional information to the
particular discussion.
 Bibliographic notes are not allowed.
Submission declaration
It is implied that the submitted article neither has
been published previously nor is under consideration
for publication elsewhere. If accepted, it will not be
published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in
any other language, including electronically without
the written consent of the publisher, BHOS Journal of
Engineering Science and Technology.
To submit a paper use the link:
http://jesmt.org